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The day ransomware nearly stole thousands of young people’s data in São Paulo

  • min read
    • There's an awesome purpose behind São Paulo, Brazil's 121 youth justice centers, Fundação CASA: Every day, they work with teenagers who have committed offenses and been given a court-ordered chance to learn to change their ways. But with 5,000 teenagers accessing a network of some 10,000 devices, Fundação CASA's information security and cybernetics team must manage a tinderbox of cybersecurity risk daily. 24 hours to escape a ransomware attack is the latest film in Tomorrow Unlocked's hacker:HUNTER Behind the Screens series. Fundação CASA's cybercrime fighters tell how they foiled a ransomware attack in a day, successfully safeguarding their young clients' personal data. There's much any organization or business can learn from their winning formula. Young people sentenced to learning When young people commit a criminal offense in São Paulo, the courts may sentence them to rehabilitation through learning how to escape criminal behavior patterns. That's where Fundação CASA comes in: They deliver that education on behalf of the Department of Justice and Citizenship. Meanwhile, the private data of the 5,000 teens who attend one of Fundação CASA's 121 centers must be kept secure. Julio Signorini has worked for Fundação CASA for over 20 years. He says, "As they're taught by the state, the teens' data comes under the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA.) There's always a risk their data may be leaked." What is ransomware? There are many ways the young people's data could be leaked, including deliberate cyberattacks. Julio says, "A constant threat for us is ransomware: Malicious software that encrypts your data and demands you pay to recover it." To spread ransomware, attackers use social engineering to find users' vulnerabilities. Then the malware can spread across the network, eventually encrypting files and demanding a ransom. Ransomware is a growing threat. Kaspersky software detected over 21,000 ransomware strains and saw attacks rise 63 percent between 2021 and 2022 as a proportion of total attacks. Rapid response foils attack Julio explains how Fundação CASA's most recent ransomware incident began. "A young person brought in a compromised USB flash drive from home." Alex Christy Rogatti, Fundação CASA's Head of Security, remembers the day well. "It was a tense time because it was our first experience with ransomware, but we addressed it in one day." Julio says their fast response started with their young client's good decision to report something unusual. "The young person noticed his device behaving strangely and contacted our service desk, who quickly escalated the case to our information security and cybernetics team." Alex explains what happened next: "We isolated the infected device and recovered encrypted data on that device and our network. We isolated the malware so it couldn't spread further." Should you pay the ransom? Not every organization responds so fast and effectively as Fundação CASA. Proving there's no low cybercriminals won't sink to, 2023 saw some particularly vicious ransomware attacks, like a ransomware gang breaching Lehigh Valley Health Network in Pennsylvania, US, then leaking stolen photos and personal details of breast cancer patients. It's the severity of cases like these that tempts some victims of ransomware to pay their captors. Fundação CASA's Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) Odenilson Dos Santos Bonfim says, "Paying the ransom should be the last option. First, there's no guarantee they'll let you unencrypt your data when you pay. Second, paying the ransom encourages more ransomware. Third, you'd share financial information they may use in a scam or financial crime in future." To help ransomware victims and deter these kinds of attacks, Kaspersky is a found partner of the No More Ransom initiative. It offers free ransomware decryption tools and advice on how to prevent and deal with ransomware attacks. Reducing business vulnerability to ransomware Odenilson thinks there's much business can do to prevent more cyberattacks of all kinds. "We maintain an always up-to-date environment, with effective solutions for monitoring data and preventing any type of attack." That a user first raised the alarm about this attack shows the importance of a cyber-aware organizational culture. Odenilson says, "It's fundamental to encourage awareness, good market practices and publicize information security and cybersecurity information to your whole team and organization." How the ransomware attack on Fundação CASA was stopped echoes the importance of their work showing young people alternatives to a life of crime. By doing the right thing thanks to knowing what to do, one young person kickstarted the process that safeguarded their peers' precious personal data. The quick thinking and coordinated action of the service desk and information security and cybernetics teams shows how strong relationships make strong cybersecurity.
behind the screens

Zero-day: Birth of a new threat

  • min read
    • They're inside your system but no one knows how they got there – or how to stop them. These destructive attacks are called zero-day threats, because your security team will have zero days to prepare. Zero-day attacks involve cybercriminals using vulnerabilities no one knows about. They're hard to detect and can go on for years. Zero-day: Birth of a New Threat is Tomorrow Unlocked's latest film in the hacker:HUNTER Behind the Screens series. Michael Gregg, CEO of Managed Service Provider Catalyst Network Solutions, discusses these attacks and his clever way to trick cybercriminals into giving up their secrets. He also shares ways to spot these sometimes-subtle attacks. Understanding zero-day attacks While you may not have heard of zero-day attacks, some of the most well-known cyberattacks fall into this category, such as WannaCry and BlueKeep. But what does it mean? Software developers are always looking out for vulnerabilities hackers could use to gain access to systems through their software. When you receive software updates, these often include 'patches' for recently discovered security holes. "It's called zero-day because that's exactly how long you've had to prepare for it," says Gregg. Zero-day attacks might include reaching a vulnerable system using phishing – manipulative emails to users aiming to convince them to open a file or visit a malicious site. That action downloads the attacker's malware, which infiltrates user files. It can take time for developers to find the vulnerability that allowed the attack. In recent years, hackers have become faster at exploiting vulnerabilities soon after discovery. Zero-day attacks are especially dangerous because only attackers know about them. Once they have access through a zero-day vulnerability, criminals can attack immediately or wait for the best time. What is a Managed Service Provider (MSP?) Gregg's company, Catalyst Network Solutions, is a Kaspersky partner Managed Service Provider (MSP.) MSPs offer cybersecurity-as-a-service. Rather than or as well as an inhouse cybersecurity team, businesses hire MSPs to take care of their cybersecurity. Using MSPs makes it easier for businesses to have a range of cybersecurity expertise on-hand in a market where hiring cyber experts can be challenging. MSPs typically provide services to multiple companies and organizations, giving them broad-based knowledge of cyberthreats and cyber solutions. With the wide range of business tech that needs securing today – from light switches to security cameras to fridges – the value of wide-ranging experience is rising by the day. Tricking cybercriminals with their own tricks The data tricks cybercriminals into using, and so revealing, their zero-day methods. This has allowed Gregg's team to prevent and stop attacks faster. Preventing zero-day attacks As soon as a zero-day threat is understood, software developers will release updates to patch it, so your business should ensure it always installs updates promptly. If you can't stop a zero-day attack happening, there are ways to ensure it's caught early. Gregg advises "There's never a call that's not worth making," when it comes to cybersecurity. Signs of zero-day attacks can be subtle. "If your mouse is moving in a weird way, you're getting out-of-place keystrokes or your computer's running slowly," let the cyber professionals know – whether you have an internal team or a Managed Service Provider.
lighting up dark web, fraud, low enforcement

How police identify criminals selling data on the dark web

  • min read
    • In the north of England, a team of officers are getting creative. They're finding ways to identify criminals selling personal data, fake COVID-19 vaccines and child sexual abuse images on the dark web. Tomorrow Unlocked's film Lighting up the Dark Web follows the UK's Yorkshire and Humber Regional Cybercrime Unit (RCCU) in their quest to unmask a crime ring selling personal data for fraud. What is the dark web? The dark web is a network of computers where web traffic is anonymized. Many use it to access marketplaces and other sites to commit crime. The dark web can also be used for good. Dissidents, whistleblowers and investigative journalists use it to communicate anonymously online, and others use it to avoid online data collection. The sale of personal data is big business on the dark web. The US's Federal Trade Commission reported consumers lost nearly $8.8 billion US dollars to scams in 2022. Linking dark web identities and real-world people In 2014, a trader called Data Pro was selling National Insurance numbers, dates of birth, credit card numbers and more on the dark web marketplace Evolution. RCCU suspected the source was a UK-based business. RCCU used 'slips' – when Data Pro occasionally used identifiable information – to link his clear web and dark web identities. How businesses can protect themselves from dark web criminals While the dark web seemed impossible to control in the past, law enforcement is now getting ahead. Businesses can also act to give fraudsters less opportunity to make dark web profits out of their data. First and foremost, protect your business's data from being stolen with strong data security practices, including encrypting your data and educating employees on how to avoid accidentally giving cybercriminals access. Your people are your most important security feature because most breaches start with basic errors like clicking a link in a rogue email or giving login details to someone who isn't who they said they were. If your data is already stolen and ends up on the dark web, dark web monitoring services like Have I Been Pwned may help you identify a breach and alert those whose information was stolen faster. As law enforcement becomes more cyber savvy, there are fewer places for cybercriminals to hide. Increasing international cooperation is also helping light up the darkest parts of the web. Businesses also have a part to play by reducing the opportunities for their data to be stolen and sold.
kids, tomorrow unlocked

What should we do with kids who hack?

  • min read
    • Tomorrow Unlocked's latest video series in collaboration with Euronews, hacker:HUNTER The Kids, examines how and why children get into hacking – putting themselves at risk and doing much damage. Should these young hackers be treated like criminals? Or can they be rehabilitated and taught to use their hacking skills for good? Watch the episodes: 1.  Criminals in children's rooms? How kids become hackers One mom didn't know her son was hacking until he had a gun delivered to the family home. Episode 1 explores how organized crime groups target children and groom them into cybercrime. We also follow the journey of a young hacker's mother who now helps police address cybercrime by children. 2.  How kids with little code skill do big, damaging hacks Children don't need much code skill to perform damaging cyberattacks. In episode 2, hear original testimony from a child hacker – a 'script kiddie' or 'skiddie:' How and why he attacked his school, stealing and exposing private information. But despite increasing damage from their hacks, experts think script kiddies shouldn't be thrown in jail – instead, they could be nurtured to be future cyber leaders. 3.  It started with innocent pranks. Now he faces life in prison. A 14-year-old known as Omnipotent started one of the world's most popular hacking forums, RaidForums. It began with innocent pranks on users of streaming service Twitch, but soon led to life-threatening hoaxes and selling stolen data. Authorities long knew Omnipotent was Portuguese national Diogo Santos Coelho. Yet they didn't arrest him until he was old enough to be tried as an adult. His case raises hard questions – could police have stopped crime if they'd intervened earlier? 4.  How Dutch police put prevention first with young hackers Hacking's adrenaline rush can be addictive. If authorities intervene when they're young, can black-hat (illegal) hackers gain a moral compass and learn to use their skills for good? Netherlands' National Police Corps focus on preventing cybercrime. Their unique programs RE_B00tCMP (Reboot Camp) and HACK_Right aim to send young hackers in a positive direction. Hacker GhostExodus, imprisoned for 11 years because of his illegal hacking as a young person, shares how he got back on track. Subscribe to Tomorrow Unlocked on YouTube for more films about how tech is changing our world. Experts in hacker:HUNTER The Kids Waqas Ahmed, Cybersecurity Writer, HackRead Media. Ben Cooper KC, specialist extradition lawyer. Dr. Kelli Dunlap Clinical Psychologist and Game Designer. Christian Funk, Head of GReAT, Kaspersky Germany. Barbara Gemen, Parent and Cyber Special Volunteer with the Dutch National Police GhostExodus, former black hat hacker turned humanitarian activist. Floor Jansen, Team Lead, Cyber Offender Prevention Squad, Dutch Police. Mike Jones, Security Researcher. Marco Preuss, Director of GReAT, Kaspersky Europe. Alexander Urbelis, Cybersecurity Lawyer, Crowell and Moring. Jorik Van Maanen, student and RE_B00tCMP graduate. Erik Van Oosbree, white-hat hacker and penetration tester.
IT economics report

Guess who’s leaking as much data as cybercriminals

  • min read
    • New research by Kaspersky finds employees are causing more data leaks. So much so that employee action and cyberattacks are running neck-and-neck. What's behind this growth in employee-initiated data leaking? And what can business leaders do to turn employees from cyber risk to cyber asset? Why are employees causing more data leaks? More than 3,000 IT security managers in 26 countries contributed views to Kaspersky's 2022 IT Security Economics report. The research found that in 2022, cyberattacks caused 23 percent of data leaks, while employees caused a close 22 percent. This growing proportion of leaks linked to employees may follow work-life changes since the pandemic. The report says, "IT security teams are now battling data leakages caused by employees […] following the introduction of new staff laptops or tablets, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to enable remote working." And it's not all innocent mistakes. Most employee-triggered leaks involved ignoring cybersecurity policy, but security managers also reported more than a third (36 percent) were deliberate acts of sabotage or espionage. How employees cause data leaks Small, almost mundane actions often lead to data leaks. Usually, the employee is tricked by a 'social engineering' tactic or practicing poor cyber 'hygiene.' But what does that mean? Social engineering Cybercriminals use manipulative tricks known as social engineering to fool employees into giving them access to systems or giving out information they otherwise wouldn't. A common approach is 'phishing' – emails or messages containing links that give cybercriminals access to business systems when clicked on. Phishing is getting more sophisticated – mimicking, for example, emails announcing sales or discounts from household brands so well they're hard to tell apart from the real thing. 'Spear phishing' is more targeted and personalized. It might, for example, target those in an organization most likely to take the bait, or mimic a target organization's internal newsletter or email format. Cybercriminals also engage in social engineering one-on-one. For example, they may phone employees saying they're from the IT support desk and try to persuade the employee to share their login and password details. Cyber hygiene Maintaining good cyber hygiene means everyday practices that make it harder for cybercriminals to access systems. The actions that make up cyber hygiene will hopefully be familiar, for example: Having complex passwords, always using a VPN when working remotely and deleting digital information you no longer need. How to stop employee leaks Cybersecurity awareness training aims to teach cyber hygiene alongside the broader education employees need to notice and avoid falling for social engineering tricks. Earlier Kaspersky research in partnership with Longitude, a thought leadership agency within the Financial Times Group, found businesses confident in their cyber skills programs also report better overall cyberattack preparedness. While cybersecurity experts should upskill regularly, the research highlights the importance of training all staff – beyond the IT department – to create a company-wide cybersecurity culture. One-off training is also not enough: staff need to absorb ideas and practice skills to make new habits. Heathrow Airport's innovative employee cyber awareness program aims to change behavior long-term with 'little and often' education targeted at those who need it most. Heathrow uses mock phishing emails to identify employees at risk of falling for cybercriminals' tricks, so they're not wasting time educating employees whose cyber awareness is already strong. Cybersecurity awareness training should also aim to encourage 'cyber pride' – building positive motivation for good cyber behavior rather than stoking fear. What about preventing employee sabotage? Comprehensive cybersecurity education may not be enough to prevent the 36 percent of employee-generated data leaks done by disgruntled employees. Examples of how employees have deliberately leaked data abound – from sharing customer data online to handing access keys to cybercriminals. Regular user access reviews – checking who has access to what and keeping all system access to a minimum – are important, but nothing surpasses the value of maintaining a positive workplace culture. Leaders need ways to 'temperature check' their organization beyond relying on the Personnel department or peers in senior leadership to thoroughly report concerns. Affected departments have a 'dog in the fight,' so to speak, and may not share everything they should. Ways to temperature-check include 360-degree feedback mechanisms – where all staff give anonymous feedback about their manager. Writing in Forbes, founder of Rungway workplace advice platform, Julie Chakraverty, says, "To… uncover hidden attitudes and views, you need to ask your employees how they feel. Lead by example by being fully open and transparent… [and] empower your employees to share their opinions and give honest feedback." The change in how data leaks happen, with more employees triggering them, should give every business pause for thought. Bringing leadership focus back to workplace culture and employee wellbeing has always paid dividends across the business, but we now understand its crucial importance in keeping data safe. Regular, targeted cybersecurity education, strong cyber hygiene and understanding how everyone in your organization is feeling should be central to your data protection strategy.
manage data leak

Infographic: Five vital steps to deal with a data breach

  • min read
    • Things can be frantic when you're dealing with a data breach. While swiftly diagnosing the problem and communicating clearly with everyone who needs to know, it's easy to miss something that could have serious consequences later. Use these five pointers to make sure you've done the right thing after a data breach. 1.  Assess the situation First, assess the data breach's risk to customers. Risk assessment lets you decide the next steps, including whether to report the breach. If it's a high risk to customers, you must inform them without undue delay, perhaps even before reporting to authorities. 2.  Be transparent and helpful Don't try to cover up the breach or hide details from those affected. If you hide things, you may see customers losing trust in your business on top of negative news coverage. When you tell customers what happened, give them advice on what to do next. 3.  Document everything Document every data breach, even if you don't have to report it. Record what happened, the steps you took and why the breach was reported or not reported. 4.  Learn from it Once you identify the cause, fix it. Next, make sure all staff receive training in how to prevent future breaches. Human error causes most data breaches. 5.  Make sure you notify everyone affected If you're processing data for other organizations, don't forget to tell them about the breach. They will have steps they must take too. Using these five pointers after a data breach will help your business get back on its feet sooner rather than later. Communicating swiftly and clearly with customers and partners is all-important in limiting the breach's impact on your business. It may happen to even the most cybersecurity-conscious organizations, but there's still a lot you can do to prepare. Equipping your employees with cybersecurity skills and knowledge is crucial to ensuring your customers' data stays safe in future.
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About Secure Futures

Secure Futures magazine is your go-to business guide for opinions, trends and insight into the world of technology and cybersecurity. We help your business to bring on the future. Brought to you by Kaspersky, the global cybersecurity experts.

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