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\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKaspersky National Cybersecurity<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Securing nations<\/span><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMeet the most stringent security requirements and protect critical national infrastructure.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSecure a nation<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\nLayers of space infrastructure<\/h2>\n
Like typical critical infrastructure, space infrastructure has three main layers.<\/p>\n
Corporate network or user segment<\/h3>\n
Typical critical infrastructure has a corporate network that hosts email, file servers, digital services and so on. In space infrastructure, it\u2019s called the \u2018user segment,\u2019 and it\u2019s where administrators and systems operators process data from all segments.<\/p>\n
Field layer or space segment<\/h3>\n
Space probes, sensors, satellites and other things that collect data from the environment are the \u2018space segment.\u2019 In traditional critical infrastructure, it\u2019s the field layer<\/a>. The space segment facilitates long-range communication and monitoring services to the ground segment.<\/p>\nSupervisory or ground segment<\/h3>\n
We need a layer between connecting field devices with the corporate network for monitoring and processing data. It\u2019s called the supervisory segment in critical infrastructure or the \u2018ground segment\u2019 in space. The ground segment receives space communications, and monitors and controls spacecraft like satellites, telescopes and probes.<\/p>\n
Each segment hosts systems, networks and devices and provides a set of services to other segments. When a service or device is network-connected, it\u2019s exposed to cyber threats.<\/p>\n
Cyberthreats in space<\/h2>\n
Cyberattacks can enter space infrastructure through corporate networks (the user segment,) satellites, satellite communication and any system that connects to the space network. As early as 2022, 4G towers on the moon<\/a> could be another entry point.<\/p>\nWe don\u2019t often hear about cyberattacks on space infrastructure, but they happen, which is why some countries are expanding their space cyber defense. In 2019, the US government established the Space Force<\/a> as its sixth armed force. The Space Force protects US interests in space, including cyber operations. In the same year, NASA found a rogue device, a Raspberry Pi, stealing sensitive information<\/a> undetected for 10 months.<\/p>\nCyberattacks affect space agencies like all big organizations<\/a>. Cybercriminals target their networks for many reasons. As well as targeting space networks\u2019 user segment, threat actors target communication between ground stations and satellites, eavesdropping and spying.<\/p>\nWe also see an arms race in space warfare. Global powers are establishing space units within armed forces<\/a>, while others are taking it to the next level with kamikaze satellites<\/a>.<\/p>\nBut seriously, alien cyber-hackers<\/h2>\n
So far, we\u2019ve discussed human-generated threats. But there are also non-human and unintentional threats like space junk<\/a>, solar flares and thunderstorms that affect space infrastructure and cause disruptions on Earth.
\n<\/p>We don\u2019t know if other planets have cybercriminals, so we should probably keep an open mind. Cybercrime\u2019s history suggests most potential threats are a matter of \u2018when,\u2019 not \u2018if.\u2019 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Future of space exploration<\/h2>\n
More countries than ever are launching missions to space. In 2020 alone, China, the United Arab Emirates and the US launched missions to Mars while China\u2019s rover has been exploring the Martian surface<\/a>. NASA\u2019s Artemis program aims to place the first woman and next man on the moon by 2024, to study and collect information for planning a base camp on its south pole for the next giant leap \u2013 sending humans to Mars<\/a>. Once, only governments were in space, but private companies are now taking over the space race.<\/p>\nHere are my predictions for the future of space exploration.
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<\/p>\n
We\u2019ll fly by rocket instead of airplane<\/h3>\n
We\u2019re always looking for the fastest way to travel. On the ground, the proposed Hyperloop could reach speeds of 760 miles an hour<\/a> \u2013 50 percent faster than commercial jets. Meanwhile, Elon Musk wants to fly people in rockets instead of airplanes<\/a>, avoiding friction and air resistance to make speeds up to 17,000 miles per hour, or London to Dubai in under 30 minutes.<\/p>\nSpace tourism will be a norm<\/h3>\n
Space tourism is right around the corner. We\u2019ll see hotels in orbit as our newest \u2018getaway\u2019 on a whole new level. Gateway Foundation announced plans to open the first space hotel<\/a>, Voyager Station, as early as 2027. As we learn how to survive in conditions different from Earth, we\u2019ll also see vacation destinations on the moon and Mars.<\/p>\nRobots are the new astronauts<\/h3>\n
Artificial Intelligence is prominent in our lives today. It\u2019s just a matter of time before we have robots capable of doing anything humans can do, including becoming astronauts. We can design robots to withstand harsh conditions on different planets.<\/p>\n
Meet the most stringent security requirements and protect critical national infrastructure.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Layers of space infrastructure<\/h2>\n
Like typical critical infrastructure, space infrastructure has three main layers.<\/p>\n
Corporate network or user segment<\/h3>\n
Typical critical infrastructure has a corporate network that hosts email, file servers, digital services and so on. In space infrastructure, it\u2019s called the \u2018user segment,\u2019 and it\u2019s where administrators and systems operators process data from all segments.<\/p>\n
Field layer or space segment<\/h3>\n
Space probes, sensors, satellites and other things that collect data from the environment are the \u2018space segment.\u2019 In traditional critical infrastructure, it\u2019s the field layer<\/a>. The space segment facilitates long-range communication and monitoring services to the ground segment.<\/p>\n We need a layer between connecting field devices with the corporate network for monitoring and processing data. It\u2019s called the supervisory segment in critical infrastructure or the \u2018ground segment\u2019 in space. The ground segment receives space communications, and monitors and controls spacecraft like satellites, telescopes and probes.<\/p>\n Each segment hosts systems, networks and devices and provides a set of services to other segments. When a service or device is network-connected, it\u2019s exposed to cyber threats.<\/p>\n Cyberattacks can enter space infrastructure through corporate networks (the user segment,) satellites, satellite communication and any system that connects to the space network. As early as 2022, 4G towers on the moon<\/a> could be another entry point.<\/p>\n We don\u2019t often hear about cyberattacks on space infrastructure, but they happen, which is why some countries are expanding their space cyber defense. In 2019, the US government established the Space Force<\/a> as its sixth armed force. The Space Force protects US interests in space, including cyber operations. In the same year, NASA found a rogue device, a Raspberry Pi, stealing sensitive information<\/a> undetected for 10 months.<\/p>\n Cyberattacks affect space agencies like all big organizations<\/a>. Cybercriminals target their networks for many reasons. As well as targeting space networks\u2019 user segment, threat actors target communication between ground stations and satellites, eavesdropping and spying.<\/p>\n We also see an arms race in space warfare. Global powers are establishing space units within armed forces<\/a>, while others are taking it to the next level with kamikaze satellites<\/a>.<\/p>\n So far, we\u2019ve discussed human-generated threats. But there are also non-human and unintentional threats like space junk<\/a>, solar flares and thunderstorms that affect space infrastructure and cause disruptions on Earth. We don\u2019t know if other planets have cybercriminals, so we should probably keep an open mind. Cybercrime\u2019s history suggests most potential threats are a matter of \u2018when,\u2019 not \u2018if.\u2019 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n More countries than ever are launching missions to space. In 2020 alone, China, the United Arab Emirates and the US launched missions to Mars while China\u2019s rover has been exploring the Martian surface<\/a>. NASA\u2019s Artemis program aims to place the first woman and next man on the moon by 2024, to study and collect information for planning a base camp on its south pole for the next giant leap \u2013 sending humans to Mars<\/a>. Once, only governments were in space, but private companies are now taking over the space race.<\/p>\n Here are my predictions for the future of space exploration. We\u2019re always looking for the fastest way to travel. On the ground, the proposed Hyperloop could reach speeds of 760 miles an hour<\/a> \u2013 50 percent faster than commercial jets. Meanwhile, Elon Musk wants to fly people in rockets instead of airplanes<\/a>, avoiding friction and air resistance to make speeds up to 17,000 miles per hour, or London to Dubai in under 30 minutes.<\/p>\n Space tourism is right around the corner. We\u2019ll see hotels in orbit as our newest \u2018getaway\u2019 on a whole new level. Gateway Foundation announced plans to open the first space hotel<\/a>, Voyager Station, as early as 2027. As we learn how to survive in conditions different from Earth, we\u2019ll also see vacation destinations on the moon and Mars.<\/p>\n Artificial Intelligence is prominent in our lives today. It\u2019s just a matter of time before we have robots capable of doing anything humans can do, including becoming astronauts. We can design robots to withstand harsh conditions on different planets.<\/p>\nSupervisory or ground segment<\/h3>\n
Cyberthreats in space<\/h2>\n
But seriously, alien cyber-hackers<\/h2>\n
\n<\/p>Future of space exploration<\/h2>\n
\n<\/p>\nWe\u2019ll fly by rocket instead of airplane<\/h3>\n
Space tourism will be a norm<\/h3>\n
Robots are the new astronauts<\/h3>\n